ML Journey

A practical guide to curriculum learning for ML engineers: implementing a CurriculumSampler with linear competence scheduling, scoring example difficulty by model loss, text length, or label noise, a full training loop that advances the curriculum each epoch, self-paced learning with a dynamic loss threshold that adapts to model capability, difficulty scoring for LLM instruction fine-tuning, and the specific settings where curriculum learning provides consistent benefit versus where it adds complexity without gain.

A complete guide to integrating Ollama in Ruby and Rails: the ruby-ollama gem for chat, generate, and embeddings, a Faraday-based OllamaClient for direct HTTP calls, a Rails service object with summarise and classify methods, and Sidekiq background jobs for async document processing with retry handling.

A practical guide to PyTorch Lightning Fabric for ML engineers: how Fabric wraps DDP and FSDP boilerplate while keeping your training loop intact, migrating a plain PyTorch loop in 6 line changes, switching between single-GPU, DDP, FSDP, and multi-node strategies by changing one argument, gradient accumulation with no_backward_sync, gradient clipping with mixed precision handled automatically, distributed-safe checkpointing with fabric.save and fabric.load, and aggregating metrics across ranks with all_reduce.

A production guide to running Ollama on Kubernetes: a complete Deployment manifest with GPU resource limits, PersistentVolumeClaim for model storage, and ClusterIP Service, pulling models via kubectl exec, an init container pattern that pre-pulls models before the main container starts, exposing via NGINX Ingress with long proxy timeouts, a CPU-only configuration for clusters without GPUs, and deploying via the otwld/ollama-helm community Helm chart.

A practical guide to model calibration for ML engineers: measuring calibration with ECE and reliability diagrams, fixing overconfidence with temperature scaling using LBFGS on a held-out validation set, Platt scaling for binary classification, non-parametric alternatives with isotonic regression and histogram binning, calibrating LLMs on multiple-choice benchmarks via log-likelihood scoring, and recalibrating after every fine-tuning step as part of the model release checklist.

A practical guide to instrumenting Ollama calls with OpenTelemetry: setting up the OTel SDK with OTLP exporter and Jaeger, a traced_chat wrapper function that records model name, token counts, latency, and tokens per second as span attributes, tracing a full RAG pipeline with nested spans for embedding, retrieval, and generation, viewing traces in the Jaeger UI, and exporting to cloud backends including Honeycomb and Grafana Tempo.

A practical guide to LLM watermarking for ML engineers: how green/red list watermarking biases token sampling at decoding time, PyTorch implementation of the Kirchenbauer et al. scheme with detection via z-score, integrating the logit processor into a generation loop, the main attack surfaces (paraphrasing, substitution, translation), quality vs delta tradeoffs for code versus prose tasks, and the regulatory context under the EU AI Act and voluntary provider commitments.

A complete guide to using Celery and Redis with Ollama for async AI background processing: why slow LLM inference belongs in a task queue, defining Celery tasks for text summarisation and document classification with Pydantic structured output, starting workers with configurable concurrency, a FastAPI integration with immediate task ID response and polling endpoint, and batch processing with celery group for parallel document processing.

A practical guide to einops for ML engineers: rearrange for readable dimension splitting, merging, and transposing with named axes, reduce for explicit pooling over named dimensions, repeat as a drop-in for unsqueeze/expand chains, einsum with readable named contractions, the Rearrange nn.Module layer for use in Sequential and torch.compile, and a complete ViT patch embedding implementation using einops throughout.

A complete guide to local AI in Swift: a URLSession-based OllamaClient with non-streaming and streaming chat using AsyncStream, SwiftUI integration with async token display, configuring Ollama for LAN access from iOS devices on the same network, and Apple Foundation Models for true on-device inference on iOS 18+ and macOS 15+ using the Neural Engine with zero network access required.