Peter Song

Peter Song is a machine learning, data engineer, and AI writer with a focus on practical ML workflows. He shares insights on machine learning, data tools, and MLOps.

Fine-Tuning Open Source LLMs for Enterprise Use

by

As enterprises increasingly adopt artificial intelligence solutions, the strategic advantage of fine-tuning open source large language models (LLMs) for specific business needs has become undeniable. Rather than relying on generic, one-size-fits-all commercial models, organizations are discovering that customizing open source LLMs delivers superior performance, enhanced security, and significant cost savings for their unique use cases. … Read more

Hyperparameter Tuning with Optuna vs Ray Tune

by

Hyperparameter tuning remains one of the most critical yet time-consuming aspects of machine learning model development. As models become more complex and datasets grow larger, the choice of optimization framework can significantly impact both the quality of results and the efficiency of the tuning process. Two leading frameworks have emerged as popular choices among data … Read more

Data Augmentation Techniques for Computer Vision

by

Computer vision models are notoriously data-hungry. While traditional machine learning algorithms might perform well with hundreds or thousands of examples, deep learning models for image recognition, object detection, and segmentation typically require tens of thousands or even millions of labeled images to achieve state-of-the-art performance. This creates a significant challenge: acquiring and labeling massive datasets … Read more

Synthetic Data Generation for Machine Learning

by

Machine learning models are only as good as the data they’re trained on. This fundamental truth has driven organizations to seek vast amounts of high-quality, diverse datasets to build robust AI systems. However, obtaining real-world data often presents significant challenges: privacy concerns, regulatory compliance, data scarcity, and prohibitive collection costs. Enter synthetic data generation for … Read more

How to Plot ROC Curve in Matplotlib

by

The ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve is one of the most important visualization tools in machine learning for evaluating binary classification models. When you need to plot ROC curve matplotlib provides excellent capabilities for creating professional, publication-ready visualizations that help you understand your model’s performance across different classification thresholds. Understanding ROC Curves: The Foundation Before … Read more

Feature Scaling vs Normalization: Key Differences and When to Use Each

by

In machine learning, data preprocessing is often the make-or-break factor that determines model performance. Among the most critical preprocessing techniques are feature scaling and normalization—two approaches that, while related, serve distinct purposes and are often confused with one another. Understanding when and how to apply each technique can dramatically improve your model’s accuracy and training … Read more

Mastering Automatic Hyperparameter Tuning in PyTorch

by

Hyperparameter tuning is often the difference between a mediocre model and a state-of-the-art solution. While manual hyperparameter adjustment can be time-consuming and inefficient, automatic hyperparameter tuning PyTorch implementations offer a systematic approach to finding optimal configurations. This comprehensive guide explores the most effective methods, tools, and strategies for automating hyperparameter optimization in PyTorch, helping you … Read more

Manual vs Automatic Hyperparameter Tuning

by

Hyperparameter tuning stands as one of the most critical yet challenging aspects of machine learning model development. The difference between a mediocre model and an exceptional one often lies in how well its hyperparameters are configured. As machine learning practitioners, we face a fundamental decision: should we manually adjust these parameters through intuition and experience, … Read more

Is Gemini Better than OpenAI for Developers?

by

The AI development landscape has become increasingly competitive with Google’s Gemini challenging OpenAI’s dominance in the developer ecosystem. As developers evaluate which platform to integrate into their applications, the choice between Gemini and OpenAI extends far beyond simple model performance metrics. This comprehensive analysis examines the critical factors that matter most to developers: API design … Read more

Building a Chatbot with Retrieval Augmented Generation Using Pinecone

by

Building intelligent conversational AI has never been more accessible, yet creating truly helpful chatbots remains a complex challenge. While large language models excel at generating human-like responses, they often struggle with accuracy when asked about specific information or recent data. This is where Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) combined with Pinecone’s vector database transforms the chatbot … Read more