mljourney

A practical guide to LLM pretraining data pipelines: language identification with FastText, heuristic quality filtering using character-to-word ratios, symbol ratios, and repeated line detection, perplexity-based filtering with KenLM to catch templated and garbled text, MinHash LSH deduplication with datasketch, exact substring deduplication with suffix arrays, building a full pipeline with HuggingFace datatrove including Gopher and C4 quality filters, training a fastText classifier for quality scoring, and balancing the data mix across web, books, and code sources.

A complete guide to streaming Ollama token output to browser clients via WebSocket: why WebSockets suit interactive AI chat better than SSE, a FastAPI WebSocket endpoint using run_in_executor for sync Ollama, a fully async version using httpx streaming, a vanilla JS browser client with real-time token display and stop button, and a multi-client broadcast connection manager for shared AI sessions.

A practical guide to model merging for ML engineers: how linear weight averaging and model soups work, computing and applying task vectors, TIES merging with trimming and sign election to resolve conflicts between task vectors, DARE with random dropout and rescaling before merging, combining DARE with TIES for large task vectors, using mergekit with a YAML config for production merges, SLERP for smoother two-model interpolation, and a decision guide for choosing between merging methods based on task overlap and fine-tuning intensity.

A complete guide to integrating Ollama in PHP and Laravel: using openai-php/client pointed at the Ollama v1 endpoint, a Laravel AiService class for summarisation and classification, streaming SSE responses with response()->stream(), generating embeddings, and a Laravel Queue job with timeout and retry configuration for background AI processing.

A practical guide to LLM routing for ML engineers: building an embedding-based classifier router that adds under 15ms latency, generating training labels via model-agreement scoring with an LLM judge, implementing a cascade router that tries the cheap model first and escalates on low confidence, calibrating the routing threshold empirically from a quality-cost tradeoff curve, tracking cost savings versus counterfactual all-expensive routing, and deciding between a trained classifier versus cascade based on query distribution stability and labelling budget.

A complete guide to Ollama integration in Elixir and Phoenix: a clean Ollama client module using Req with pattern-matched responses, single and multi-turn chat, embedding generation, a Phoenix controller for AI endpoints, real-time streaming tokens with Phoenix LiveView using Req streaming callbacks, and background AI jobs with Oban including automatic retries.

A practical guide to curriculum learning for ML engineers: implementing a CurriculumSampler with linear competence scheduling, scoring example difficulty by model loss, text length, or label noise, a full training loop that advances the curriculum each epoch, self-paced learning with a dynamic loss threshold that adapts to model capability, difficulty scoring for LLM instruction fine-tuning, and the specific settings where curriculum learning provides consistent benefit versus where it adds complexity without gain.

A complete guide to integrating Ollama in Ruby and Rails: the ruby-ollama gem for chat, generate, and embeddings, a Faraday-based OllamaClient for direct HTTP calls, a Rails service object with summarise and classify methods, and Sidekiq background jobs for async document processing with retry handling.

A practical guide to PyTorch Lightning Fabric for ML engineers: how Fabric wraps DDP and FSDP boilerplate while keeping your training loop intact, migrating a plain PyTorch loop in 6 line changes, switching between single-GPU, DDP, FSDP, and multi-node strategies by changing one argument, gradient accumulation with no_backward_sync, gradient clipping with mixed precision handled automatically, distributed-safe checkpointing with fabric.save and fabric.load, and aggregating metrics across ranks with all_reduce.

A production guide to running Ollama on Kubernetes: a complete Deployment manifest with GPU resource limits, PersistentVolumeClaim for model storage, and ClusterIP Service, pulling models via kubectl exec, an init container pattern that pre-pulls models before the main container starts, exposing via NGINX Ingress with long proxy timeouts, a CPU-only configuration for clusters without GPUs, and deploying via the otwld/ollama-helm community Helm chart.